Hagaha hannaanka cinwaanka internetka, internetka, iyo farriimaha
Fasallada IP ayaa loo adeegsadaa in lagu caawiyo dejinta cinwaanada IP-da shabakadaha leh shuruudaha kala duwan ee cabbirka. Cinwaanka IPv4 IP waxaa loo qaybin karaa shan fasalo cinwaan oo lagu magacaabo A, B, C, D, iyo E.
Fasal kasta oo IP ah wuxuu ka kooban yahay qayb hoose oo ka mid ah guud ahaan cinwaanka IPv4. Mid ka mid ah fasalka noocaas ah ayaa loogu talagalay kaliya cinwaanada faransiiska, kaas oo ah nooca gudbinta xogta halkaasoo ka badan hal computer oo wax looga qabto macluumaadka hal mar.
Fasallada IP-ga iyo Tirinta
Qiyamka afarta aflmood ee ugu dambeeya ee cinwaanka IPv4 ayaa go'aamiya fasalkooda. Tusaale ahaan dhammaan cinwaanada Class C waxay leeyihiin sadexda bidix ee ugu sarreeya 110 , laakiin mid kasta oo ka mid ah 29 xabbadood ee soo haray waxaa loo qoondeeyn karaa midkiiba 0 ama 1 mid madaxbannaan (sida xayeysiis ah x ee jagooyinkaas):
110xxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxxIsku-soo-celinta kor ku xusan farta ku-dhufashada jajab tobanlaha, waxay soo socotaa in dhamaan calaamadaha Class C ku dhacaan inta u dhaxaysa 192.0.0.0 illaa 223.255.255.255.
Jadwalkan hoos ku qoran wuxuu qeexayaa qiimayaasha IP-ga iyo isbeddellada fasal kasta. Ogsoonow in qaar ka mid ah cinwaanka IP-ga laga reebo fasalka E sababo gaar ah sida lagu sharxay hoosta hoose.
| Fasalka | Xabbado aan dheelleyn | Bilowga Range | Dhammaadka Range | Cinwaanada guud |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| A | 0xxx | 0.0.0.0 | 127.255.255.255 | 2,147,483,648 |
| B | 10xx | 128.0.0.0 | 191.255.255.255 | 1,073,741,824 |
| C | 110x | 192.0.0.0 | 223.255.255.255 | 536,870,912 |
| D | 1110 | 224.0.0.0 | 239.255.255.255 | 268,435,456 |
| E | 1111 | 240.0.0.0 | 254.255.255.255 | 268,435,456 |
Cinwaanka IP-ga E iyo Wargeyska Limited
Heerka shabakadda IPv4 ayaa qeexaya cinwaanada Class E sida loo xajiyey , taasoo macnaheedu yahay inaan loo isticmaalin shabakadaha IP. Qaar ka mid ah ururada cilmi-baarista waxay isticmaalaan cinwaanada Class E ee ujeedooyin tijaabo ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, qalabyada isku dayaya inay isticmaalaan cinwaanada internetka ma awoodi doonaan inay si sax ah u xiriiraan.
Nooca gaarka ah ee cinwaanka IP waa cinwaanka xaddidan ee 255.255.255.255. Wargeyska shabakadda wuxuu ku lugleeyaa farriin ka timid hal wakiil oo u qaadaya dad badan. Kuwa diraya waxay diraan IP-ga oo loo diro 255.255.255.255 si ay u muujiyaan dhamaanba niyamka kale ee shabakada degaanka (LAN) inay soo qaadaan fariintan. Warbaahintani waa "xaddidan tahay" in aysan gaarin meel kasta oo internetka ah; kaliya noodiska ku jira LAN-ka.
Internet Protocol ayaa si rasmi ah u kaydisa cinwaanada kala duwan 255.0.0.0 illaa 255.255.255.255 ee loogu talagalay warbaahinta, iyo kala duwanaanshahan waa in aan loo tixgelin qayb ka mid ah heerka caadiga ah ee heerka E.
IP Cinwaanka Heerka D iyo Multicast
Heerka wada-xiriirka IPv4 wuxuu qeexayaa cinwaanada Class D sida loogu talagalay aaladda badan. Multicast waa qaabka Internet Protocol ee qeexidda kooxaha qalabka macmiilka oo farriin u diraya oo keliya kooxdan halkii ay ka heli lahaayeen qalab kasta oo ku yaala LAN-ka (fiidiyowga) ama kaliya hal calaamad kale (unicast).
Multicast waxaa badanaa loo isticmaalaa shabakadaha cilmi-baarista. Sida heerka E, Cinwaannada D ee Class waa in aan loo isticmaalin noodbooyinka caadiga ah ee internetka.