Lambarrada ikhtiyaariga ah iyo laba-geesoodka ayaa ah laba hab oo kala-duwan oo ah tirada jajab tobanlaha ah ee aan isticmaalno nolol maalmeedka. Xaaladaha khatarta ah ee shabakadaha kombiyuutarka sida cinwaanada, maaskarada, iyo furayaasha oo dhan waxay ku lug leeyihiin nambarada ikhtiyaariga ah ama labaatanka. Fahmida sida lambarrada ikhtiyaariga ah iyo kuwa laba-iyo-tobanka ah ee loo shaqeeyo waa lagama maarmaanka u ah dhismaha, xallinta dhibaatooyinka, iyo barnaamijyada shabakad kasta.
Bits iyo Bytes
Qaybtan maqaalkani waxa ay ku salaysan tahay fahamka asaasiga ah ee xakamaynta kombiyuutarada iyo baalasha .
Lambarrada ikhtiyaariga ah iyo labaatanka ayaa ah qaabka xisaabeed ee dabiiciga ah si ay ula shaqeeyaan xogta lagu kaydiyo qashinka iyo xirmooyinka.
Nambarada Binaraadka iyo Saldhiga Labaad
Tirooyinka ikhtiyaariga ah waxay ka kooban yihiin isu-geynta laba lambar '0' iyo '1'. Kuwani waa qaar ka mid ah tusaalayaasha lambarada bin lambar:
1
10
1010
11111011
11000000 10101000 00001100 01011101
Engineers iyo xisaabiyayaashu waxay ugu yeedhaan nidaamka lambarinta lambarka nidaamka aasaasiga ah ee labadaba , sababta oo ah lambarada ikhtiyaariga ah waxay ku jiraan laba lambar '0' iyo '1'. Marka la barbardhigo, nambarka caadiga ah ee nambarkeena caadiga ah waa nidaam asaasi ah oo isticmaalaya toban lambar '0' illaa 9 '. Lambarrada Hexadecimal (oo laga wada hadlay) ayaa ah nidaam asaasi ah lix iyo toban .
Isbeddelka Laga bilaabo Binary ilaa Lambar
Dhammaan nambarada ikhtiyaariga ah waxay leeyihiin matalaad jajab ah oo u dhiganta iyo kuwa kale. Si aad u nasteexdo nambarada ikhtiyaariga ah iyo jajab tobanle, waa inaad codsataa fikradda xisaabeed ee qiyamka boosaska .
Fikrada qiimaha qiimaha leh waa mid fudud: Tirada dhabta ah ee lambar kasta iyo lambarrada labadaba, waxay ku xiran tahay mawqifkeeda ("inta udhaxeysa dhinaca bidix") ee lambarka.
Tusaale ahaan, tirada lambarka 124 , tirada '4' ayaa ka dhigan qiimaha "afar", laakiin tirada '2' ayaa ka dhigan qiimaha "labaatan", "ma" laba. " '2' ayaa ka dhigan qiime ka weyn kan '4' kiiskan, sababtoo ah waxaa loo sii dhigayaa bidixda lambarka.
Sidoo kale lambarka ikhtiyaariga ah ee 1111011 , xaqiiqda '1' ayaa ka dhigan qiimaha "mid", laakiin dhinaca bidix ee '1' ayaa ka dhigan qiime sare ("lixdan iyo afar").
Xisaabta, sal u ah nidaamka lambarka ayaa go'aaminaya inta qiimaha ay ku qiimeynayso booska. Tirooyinka toban-tobanka ah ee tobanlaha, ku dhufo tir tiro kasta oo dhinaca bidixda ah iyada oo ah arrin horumarineed oo 10 ah si loo xisaabiyo qiimaha. Nambarada laba-nambar ee ikhtiyaariga ah, ku dhufo hal digeecad dhinaca bidix iyada oo ah arrin isbedbedeleysa. 2. Xisaabinta mar walba waxay ka shaqeysaa midigta bidix.
Tusaale ahaan, tirada lambarka 123 ayaa u shaqeeya:
3 + (10 * 2 ) + (10 * 10 * 1 ) = 123
iyo lambarka ikhtiyaariga ah ee 1111011 wuxuu u rogaa tobanle ahaan:
1 + (2 * 1 ) + (2 * 2 * 0 ) + (4 * 2 * 1 ) + (8 * 2 * 1 ) + (16 * 2 * 1 ) + (32 * 2 * 1 ) = 123
Sidaa darteed, lambarka ikhtiyaariga ah 1111011 wuxuu la mid yahay lambarka sagaal 123.
Isbeddelka laga bilaabo Minimal to Binary Numbers
Si loo tiriyo tirooyinka jihada ka soo horjeeda, laga bilaabo jajab toban illaa ikhtiyaari, waxay u baahan tahay kala qaybsanaan is-raacsan halkii ay ka ahayd isku dhufashada isku dhufashada.
Si aad gacanta ugu rogto minimal ah ilaa lambar ikhtiyaar ah, ku bilaw tirada lambarka tobanlaha isla markaasna u kala qeybso saldhigga bin lambarka (saldhig "laba"). Tallaabo kasta oo natiijada ka soo baxda inta ka dhiman 1, isticmaal '1' ee booskaas bin lambar. Marka ay kala qaybsanaadaan inta ka dhiman 0, halkan ku isticmaal '0'. Jooji marka ay kala soocaan natiijada qiimaha 0. Tirooyinka ikhtiyaariga ah ee la soo saaro ayaa laga amraa midigta bidix.
Tusaale ahaan, lambarka decimal 109 wuxuu u beddelaa binaraad sida soo socota:
- 109/2 = 54 inta ka dhiman 1
- 54/2 = 27 inta ka dhiman 0
- 27/2 = 13 inta ka hartay 1
- 13/2 = 6 inta ka dhiman 1
- 6/2 = 3 inta ka dhiman 0
- 3/2 = 1 inta ka dhiman 1
- 1/2 = 0 inta ka dhiman 1
Tirada jajab tobanle waxay u dhigantaa lambarka ikhtiyaariga ah 1101101 .
Eeg sidoo kale - Lambarrada Farshaxanka ee Wireless and Computer Networking