Cinwaanada shabakada waxay si cad u aqoonsadaan qalabka si ay uga caawiyaan inay la xiriiraan
Cinwaanka shabakadda wuxuu u adeegaa aqoonsi gaar ah kombuyuutar ama qalab kale oo shabakad ah. Markaad si sax ah u sameysid, kombiyuutarada ayaa go'aamin kara cinwaanada kombiyuutarada kale iyo aaladaha shabakada oo isticmaali cinwaanada si ay ula xiriiraan midba midka kale.
Cinwaanada Jirka iyo Cinwaanada Waalidiinta
Qalabka intarnetka badankoodu waxay leeyihiin cinwaanno kala duwan.
- Cinwaannada muuqaalka ayaa iska leh isdhexgalka shabakadaha shakhsiyeed ee ku xiran qalab. Tusaale ahaan, raadiyaha Wi-Fi iyo raadiyaha Bluetooth ee qalabka mobile waxay leeyihiin lahjadaha shabakada ee jeeda.
- Cinwaanada wacyigalinta ayaa loo qoondeeyay qalabka ayadoo la raacayo nooca shabakada ay ku xiran yihiin. Cinwaanada muqaalka ah ee qalabka mobile, tusaale ahaan, isbeddel sida ay u hirgaliso hal shabakad ilaa mid kale, halka cinwaanada jireed ay sii wadi doonaan.
IP Adreesyada Versions
Nooca ugu caansan ee cinwaanka shabakadda wanaajinta waa cinwaanka Protocol (IP) . Cinwaanka hadda IP (IP version 6, IPv6) wuxuu ka kooban yahay 16 byte (128 bits ) oo si gaar ah u tilmaamaya qalabka la isku xidhan yahay. Naqshadaynta IPv6 waxay ku dhex jirtaa goobaha IP-ga oo ka weyn tan IPv4-ka ee horey loogu sii wadi lahaa taageerada malaayiin badan oo qalab ah.
Inta badan cinwaanka IPv4 waxaa loo qoondeeyey bixiyeyaasha adeegga internetka iyo ururrada kale ee waaweyn si loogu wareejiyo macaamiishooda iyo kuwa loo adeegsado Internet-kuwaa waxaa loo yaqaan cinwaanada IP-ga . Qaar ka mid ah khadadka IP-ga gaar ahaaneed ayaa loo sameeyay si loo taageero shabakadaha gudaha sida shabakadaha guryaha oo leh qalab aan u baahnayn in si toos ah loogu xiro internetka.
Cinwaanada MAC
Nooca si fiican loo yaqaan ee cinwaanka jirka wuxuu ku salaysan yahay tiknoolajiyada Maaraynta Maaraynta MAC . Cinwaanada MAC, oo sidoo kale loo yaqaan cinwaanada jireed, waxay yihiin lix byte (48 bits) in soo saarayaasha isku-xirayaasha shabakada ay ku jiraan alaabtooda si ay si cad u aqoonsadaan. IP iyo nidaamyada kale waxay ku tiirsan yihiin cinwaanno muuqaal ah si loo ogaado qalabka shabakadda.
Cinwaanka Meeleynta
Cinwaanada shabakada waxay la xiriiraan qalabka shabakadaha iyada oo loo marayo dhowr habab oo kala duwan:
- Networks ayaa loo qaabeyn karaa si loogu magacaabo cinwaanka IP si toos ah nidaamka lagu magacaabo cinwaanka firfircoon ee cinwaanka.
- Maamulayaasha shabakada waxay dooran karaan cinwaanada IP-ga gaarka ah waxayna ku wareejiyaan qalabka gacanta iyadoo loo marayo habka lagu magacaabo cinwaanka lambarka.
- Wareejiyayaasha adegga ee shabakadda waxay dejiyaan cinwaan gaar ah MAC ee xasuusta keliya ee akhriska (ROM) ee cutub kasta oo loo sameeyay geeddi-socod marmar loo yaqaan "gubasho."
Shabakadaha iyo shirkadaha ganacsigu waxay sida caadiga ah u adeegsadaan naqshadeenta Aqoonsiga Nabadgelyada Aqoonta (DHCP) ee loogu talagalay meelaynta IP-ga ee automatic.
Turjumaadda Shabakada
Routers waxay inta badan isticmaalaan tiknoolajiyad la yidhaahdo Network Address Translation (NAT) si ay uga caawiso taraafikada tooska ah ee Internetka in ay u socdaan meesheeda loogu talagalay. NAT wuxuu la shaqeeyaa cinwaanada tiknoolojiga ee ku jira gudaha shabakadda IP-ga.
Dhibaatooyinka ku jira Cinwaanada IP
Khilaafka IP address wuxuu dhacaa marka laba ama in ka badan oo ka mid ah shabakadaha shabakada labadaba lagu qoro lambarka cinwaanka. Khilaafaadkaasi waxay ku dhici karaan mid ka mid ah khaladaadka bani'aadamnimada ee meelaynta cinwaanka caadiga ah - ama aan caadi ahayn-laga bilaabo qalabka farsamada ee nidaamka meelaynta tooska ah.