Nidaamka Domain Name (DNS) wuxuu ku kaydiyaa magacyada iyo cinwaanada xafiisyada Internetka ee dadweynaha. Sida Webku u kordhay, DNS ayaa si dhaqso ah u ballaariyay awooddeeda si ay ula socoto, taas oo keentay shabakad caalami ah oo loo qeybiyey kumanaan kumbuyuutar ah maanta. Ku dhiirigeliya asxaabtaada saaxiibadaa adigoo baranaya oo wadaagaya xaqiiqooyinka xiisaha leh ee ku saabsan DNS.
In ka badan 30 sano jir
Laba waraaqood oo uu soo daabacay Paul Mockapetris bishii November 1983 - waxaa lagu magacaabaa RFC 882 iyo RFC 883 - waxaa lagu calaamadeeyay bilowga DNS. Ka hor inta aan la fiirinin DNS, nidaamka dadweynaha waxaa lagu aqoonsan karaa oo kaliya magaciisa martida, iyo cinwaanada dhammaan marti-galiyeyaasha waxaa lagu hayaa hal fayl oo waaweyn (oo loo yaqaan "hosts.txt") taasoo keentay in si aan macquul ahayn loo maareeyo sida shabakadaha kombiyuutarada koray intii lagu jiray 1970-yadii iyo 1980s. Nidaamkani wuxuu kordhiyay nidaamkan magacaabida heerka hal-mar ah adoo ku daray dariiqooyin badan oo kala duwan adoo ku daraya aaladaha taageerada - hal ama dhowr magacyo dheeraad ah oo lagu lifaaqay magaca martida, mid kasta oo u dhaxeeya dhibco (.).
Lix 6 TLDs Original
In ka badan 700 oo heerar sare ah (TLDs) ayaa hadda ku jira internetka (oo ay ka mid yihiin magacyo qaarkood oo khaas ah sida .rocks iyo .soy). Shirkadda Internetka ee aan faa'iido doonka ahayn ee shirkadaha Internetka ee Magacyada iyo Tilmaamaha (ICANN) ayaa xakamaynaya qoondadooda - eeg liiska ICANN ee heerarka sare.
Si kastaba ha noqotee, markii ugu horreysay la fuliyay sanadii 1980s, DNS waxay qeexday oo keliya lix TLDs - .com, .edu, .gov, .mil, .net iyo .org. Ballaarinta ballaaran ee doorashooyinka magac domain ayaa bilaabmay 2011-kii iyada oo hadafka ah in si ka sii fiican loo kala sooco goobaha internetka iyadoo loo eegayo ujeedadooda.
Faahfaahin dheeraad ah: Shabakadaha Dheeraadka ah ee Dheeraadka ah ee Internetka (TLDs) sharaxay
In ka badan 100 Million Domains Registered
Magacyo badan oo internetka ah sida "About.com" iyo "mit.edu" waxay ku xiran yihiin dugsiyada ama ganacsatada, halka qof waliba ku qoro ujeedooyin shakhsiyeed. Guud ahaan in ka badan 100 malyan oo diiwaan-gashan ayaa jira oo ka hooseeya .com oo keliya. Kuwaas iyo macluumaad kale oo xiiso leh DNS ayaa laga heli karaa DomainTools Internet Statistics.
Wuxuu ka shaqeeyaa labada Labadba iyo Dib u Dhaca
Codsiyada intooda badan ee DNS waxay ku lug leeyihiin isbeddelka magacyada martida ee boggaga internetka iyo server-yada kale ee internetka cinwaannada IP-ga , oo loo yaqaan 'forward DNS'. DNS sidoo kale wuxuu ka shaqeeyaa jihada dhanka dambe, cinwaannada turjubaanka ee magacyada. Inkastoo raadinta DNS-ka ee aan si caadi ah loo isticmaalin, waxay ka caawiyaan maamulayaasha shabakada inay xaliyaan dhibta. Dhaqdhaqaaqyada sida ping iyo traceroute waxay qabtaan fiirin dhab ah, tusaale ahaan.
Faahfaahin dheeraad ah: Horey iyo Dib u eegista IP Address
Wuxuu leeyahay 13 Roots
DNS wuxuu abaabulaya magaciisa ugu sarreeya si uu u xoojiyo isdhexgalka wada-xaajoodka u dhexeeya server-yada iyo sidoo kale inuu u fududeeyo dayactirka nidaamka. Nidaamyada kala duwan ee loo yaqaan 'DNS' waxay abuuraan heer sare (oo loo yaqaan heerka 'root') halka laga yaabo in heerarka hoose ee laga yaabo inay soo baxaan. Sababta farsamo, DNS-ka maanta wuxuu taageersan yahay 13 magac server ah oo aan ahayn mid kaliya. Mid kasta oo ka mid ah xididadahan, si xiiso leh, waxaa lagu magacaabaa hal warqad - oo ka bilaabma 'A' kuna kordhin warqadda 'M'. (Ogow in nidaamyadani ay ka tirsan yihiin shabakadda Internetka ee rootiga-servers.net, samaynta magacyadooda buuxa sida "a.root-servers.net,").
More: 13 DNS DNS Root Name Servers
Hadafka Guud ee Hacking Sites
Sheekooyinka dhacdooyinka afduubayaasha DNS waxay u muuqdaan kuwo aad u badan. Afduubka waxaa loola jeedaa in hacker uu helayo diiwaangelinta serverka DNS ee shabakada la beegsanayo oo wax laga beddelayo si loo soo celiyo martida si loo helo qof kale goobta, Marka isticmaale internetka u tago si uu u booqdo goobta la afduubay, DNS wuxuu tilmaamayaa shabakadooda si ay u codsadaan xogta goobta bogus. Ogsoonow in weeraryahannadu guud ahaan uma baahna inuu jabiyo DNS laftiisa, laakiin wuxuu bedeli karaa adeegga martigelinta ee domainka isagoo u eg inuu yahay maamulayaasha Webka.