Rikodhaaga ayaa isticmaalaya cinwaan IP ah
Qalab kasta oo ku xiran internetka wuxuu leeyahay waxa loo yaqaan cinwaanka IP , ama cinwaanka Internet Protocol. Waxaa jira cinwaanada IP-ga dadweynaha iyo kuwa gaarka loo leeyahay. Cinwaanka IP-da 192.168.0.1 waa cinwaan gaar ah oo IP-ga ah waana mid ka duwan habka loo yaqaan " broadband routers" , gaar ahaan noocyada kala duwan ee D-Link iyo Netgear.
Farqiga u dhexeeya Calaamadaha IP-ga ee dadweynaha iyo kuwa gaarka loo leeyahay
Kombiyuutarkaagu wuxuu leeyahay cinwaan IP ah oo adiga laguu xilsaaray Adeegbixiyaha Adeegga Internetka (ISP), kaas oo ah inuu noqdo mid u gaar ah internetka oo dhan. Raadinahaagu wuxuu leeyahay cinwaan IP ah , oo kaliya loo oggol yahay shabakadaha khaaska ah. IP-kani wuxuu ubaahnahay inuusan ahayn mid caalami ah, maadaama uusan ahayn cinwaan toos ah, ie qofna ma heli karo cinwaanka IP 192.168.0.1 oo ka baxsan shabakad gaar ah.
Hay'adda Internetka ee Maareynta Tirooyinka Internetka (IANA) waa urur caalami ah oo maamula cinwaanada IP. Waxaa markii hore lagu qeexay nooca IP address oo loo yaqaan IP version 4 (IPv4). Noocani waa lambar 32-bil ah sida caadiga ah oo lagu muujiyey afar lambar oo kala-jajabnaya jajab tobanle - tusaale, 192.168.0.1. Jajab kasta waa inuu lahaadaa qiime u dhexeeya 0 iyo 255, taas oo macnaheedu yahay in nidaamka IPv4 uu ku dabooli karo 4 bilyan cinwaan gaar ah. Tani waxay u muuqatay sida badan oo ah maalmaha hore ee internetka. . . laakiin wax badan oo intaas ka dambeeya.
IP-ga gaarka ah
Cinwaanadaas, IANA waxay dhigtay tiro gaar ah oo gaar ahaaneed. Kuwani waa:
- 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255
- 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255
- 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255
IP-yadaas gaarka ahi waxay kudhisan yihiin 17.9 milyan cinwaano kala duwan, dhammaantood loo isticmaalo isticmaalka shabakadaha khaaska ah. Tani waa sababta IP-ga gaarka ah ee router uusan u baahnayn inuu noqdo mid gaar ah.
Roogeeyaha ayaa markaa ku dhejinaya cinwaanka IP-ga ee qalab kasta oo ku yaal shabakadeeda , haddii ay tahay shabakad guri ama guri-kooxeed. Qalab kasta oo ka mid ah shabakadda waxay ku xiran tahay qalab kale oo shabakad ah iyada oo la adeegsanayo IP-ga gaarka ah.
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, cinwaanada IP-ga ee gaarka loo leeyahay, si kastaba ha ahaatee, si toos ah uma geli karaan internetka. Waxay u baahan yihiin inay ku xidhmaan adeeg bixiyaha internetka (ISP) - tusaale, Comcast, AT & T ama Time Warner Cable. Qalabkan oo dhan, qalabyada oo dhan waxay ku xiran yihiin internetka si toos ah, marka hore isku xiraya shabakad (kaas oo ku xiran internetka), ka dibna isku xiraya internetka weyn ee laftiisa.
Shabakadda aad ku xirantahay marka hore waa routerkaaga, taas oo loogu talagalay moodooyinka Netgear iyo D-Link leeyahay cinwaanka IP ee 192.168.0.1. Routers ayaa markaa ku xiraya ISP-daaga oo kugu xiraya internetka, iyo farriintaada waxaa loo diraa qofka qaataha leh. Wadada waxay u muuqataa wax sidan oo kale ah, iyada oo loo maleynayo joogitaanka router dhamaadka kasta:
Adiga -> routerkaaga -> ISP-kaaga -> internet -> ISP-kaaga qaatahaaga -> router-kaaga -> bixiyahaaga
IP-yada guud iyo IPCv6 Standard
Cinwaanada IP-ga waa in ay noqdaan kuwo caalami ah. Tani waxay dhibaato u keentay heerka IPv4, maaddaama ay ku noolaan karto kaliya 4 bilyan oo cinwaan. Sidaa awgeed, IANA waxay soo saartey heerka IPv6, kaas oo taageeraya isugeyn dheeri ah. Halkii la isticmaali lahaa nidaam binaryar ah, wuxuu isticmaalaa habka hexadecimal. Sidaas darteed IPv6 cinwaankiisu wuxuu ka kooban yahay siddeed kooxood oo kala duwan oo tirooyin laba ah , oo ka kooban afar lambar. Tusaale ahaan: abcd: 9876: 4fr0: d5eb: 35da: 21e9: b7b4: 65o5. Sida iska cad, nidaamkani wuxuu kobcin karaa koror aan xad lahayn oo ah cinwaanada IP, ilaa 340 undecillion (lambar leh 36 zeros).
Helitaanka Cinwaankaaga IP
Waxaa jira siyaabo badan oo lagu heli karo cinwaankaaga IP.
Haddii kombiyuutar (ama qalab kale oo ku xiran) uu ku shaqeeyo shabakad gaar ah oo isku xirta internetka (sida kuwa guryaha ku yaal), qalab kastaa wuxuu yeelanayaa IP-ga gaarka ah ee loo xilsaaray router iyo cinwaanka IP-ga. Marar dhif ah ayaad u baahan tahay inaad ogaato cinwaankaaga dadweynaha, haddii aadan adigu dhibaato ka qabin kambiyuutarkaaga oo aad u baahan tahay inaad isku xirto.
Helitaanka cinwaankaaga IP-ga
Habka ugu fudud ee lagu heli karo cinwaankaaga dadweynaha ee IP-ga waa inuu tago google.com oo gali "IP-ga" sanduuqa raadinta. Google wuxuu kuugu soo celinayaa cinwaankaaga IP-ga. Dabcan, waxaa jira siyaabo kale oo badan, oo ay ku jiraan bogagga internetka oo si gaar ah loogu talagalay in lagu soo celiyo IP-gaaga, sida whatsmyip.org ama waxaIsMyAddress.com.
Helitaanka cinwaanka IP-ga ee gaarka ah
- Riix Windows-X si aad u furto Qalabka Isticmaalayaasha Korontada, ka dibna guji Command Prompt .
- Ku qor ipconfig si aad u muujiso liiska dhammaan isku xirnaanta kombiyuutarkaaga.
Cinwaanka IP-ga ee gaarka ah (oo aad ku maleyneyso in aad ku xirantahay shabakad) waxaa loo aqoonsaday cinwaanka IPv4. Tani waa cinwaanka aad adiga kula soo xiriiri karto qof kasta oo ku yaal shabakadaada.
Beddelista Habraaca & Xarunta IP-ga
Cinwaanka IP-ga ee router waxaa dejiya soo-saaraha warshadda, laakiin waad bedeli kartaa wakhti kasta adoo isticmaalaya qadka maamul-maamuleedka ee router. Tusaale ahaan, haddii qalab kale ee shabakaddaada ay leeyihiin isla cinwaanka IP, waxaad la kulmi kartaa isku dhaca cinwaanka si aad u hubiso in aadan haysan wax lamid ah.
Qalabka maamul-maamuleedka ee router si fudud u gali adigoo galaya IP-gaaga cinwaanka cinwaanka:
http://192.168.0.1
Nooc kasta ee router ah , ama kombiyuutar kasta oo shabakad degaanka ah ee arintaas, ayaa loo qoondeeyey inuu isticmaalo cinwaankan ama cinwaanka IPv4 gaar ah oo la mid ah. Sida cinwaanka IP, kaliya hal qalab oo shabakadda ah waa in ay isticmaashaa 192.168.0.1 si looga fogaado dhibaatooyinka cinwaanka .