Isticmaalida Taliska Laynka ee Linux

Waxyaabaha loo kala soocayo waa in loo soocaa si uun

Xogta ku jirta faylka qoraalka Linux waxaa lagu xallin karaa amarka xajmiga illaa inta uu walax kasta si gooni ah u kala saari karo. Inta badan, jinsiga waxaa loo isticmaalaa sida kala-saaraha macluumaadka la tiriyey.

Xeerarka aasaasiga ah ee kala-sooca

Amarka xariirka ayaa dib u habaynaya xariiqyada faylka qoraalka si loo tiriyo tiro ahaan iyo alaab. Xeerarka caadiga ah ee qawaaniinta kala duwan ayaa ah:

• Qoraalka oo ka bilaabma lambar wuxuu ka muuqdaa ka hor intaan qoraalka laga bilaabin warqad; tirooyinka hoose waa kala horeeyaan.
• Qoraalka oo ku bilaabanaya warqad u muuqata xarfaha horey u soo qorey waraaqda ugu horeysa ee qoraalada kale ee qoraalka ah ayaa lagu kala soocayaa ka hor intaan qoraalka laga bilaabin warqad ka dambeeya qoraalka.
• Halka qoraalka uu ku bilaabmayo dhacdooyin waaweyn iyo mid yar oo ka mid ah warqad la mid ah, tusaalaha yar yar ayaa loo kala soocayaa marka hore.

Kala soocista faylka qoraalka

Si aad u xalliso khadadka ku jira faylka Linux ee la xaddiday, waxaad isticmaashaa taliska kala duwan sidaan oo kale:

$ sort -k2 test.txt

taas oo soo saarta feylka "test.txt" marka loo fiiriyo jilayaasha ka bilaabma dariiqada labaad (k2 wuxuu loola jeedaa tiirka labaad). Qodobka miisaanka feylka waa:

1, Justin Timberlake, Title 545, Price $ 7.30 2, Taylor Swift, Title 723, Qiimaha $ 7.90 3, Mick Jagger, Title 610, Qiimaha $ 7.90 4, Lady Gaga, Title 118, Price $ 7.30 5, Johnny Cash, Magaca 482, Qiimaha $ 6.50 6, Elvis Presley, Title 335, Qiimaha $ 7.30 7, John Lennon, Title 271, Lacagta $ 7.90 8, Michael Jackson, Title 373, Qiimaha $ 5.50

Sababtoo ah qodobka labaad ee tusaalahan waxaa ku jira magacyo hore iyo kan dambe, soocinta kala soocida waxaa diyaariya warqadda ugu horeysa ee magaca koowaad ee qof kasta oo ku jira qaybta labaad ee Elvis, John, Johnny, Justin, Lady, Michael, Mick, iyo Taylor. , sida hoos ku qoran:

6, Elvis Presley, Title 335, Qiimaha $ 6.30 7, John Lennon, Title 271, Qiimaha $ 7.90 5, Johnny Cash, Title 482, Lacagta $ 6.50 1, Justin Timberlake, Title 545, Lacagta $ 6.30 4, Lady Gaga, Title 118, Price $ 6.30 8, Michael Jackson, Title 373, Qiimaha $ 5.50 3, Mick Jagger, Title 610, Qiimaha $ 7.90 2, Taylor Swift, Title 723, Qiimaha $ 7.90

Haddii aad kala soocaysid faylka -k3 (adoo isticmaalaya alaabta xarriiqda ah ee ka bilaabanta sadarka 3-cinwaanka Lambarka Title), soo saaraha waa:

4, Lady Gaga, Title 118, Price $ 6.30 7, John Lennon, Title 271, Price $ 7.90 6, Elvis Presley, Title 335, Lacagta $ 6.30 8, Michael Jackson, Title 373, Qiimaha $ 5.50 5, Johnny Cash, Title 482, Qiimaha $ 6.50 1, Justin Timberlake, Title 545, Qiimaha $ 6.30 3, Mick Jagger, Title 610, Qiimaha $ 7.90 2, Taylor Swift, Title 723, Qiimaha $ 7.90

iyo

$ sort -k4 test.txt

wuxuu soo saaraa liis lagu kala soocayo qiimaha:

8, Michael Jackson, Title 373, Price $ 5.50 1, Justin Timberlake, Title 545, Qiimaha $ 6.30 4, Lady Gaga, Title 118, Price $ 6.30 6, Elvis Presley, Title 335, Qiimaha $ 6.30 5, Johnny Cash, Title 482, Qiimaha $ 6.50 2, Taylor Swift, Title 723, Qiimaha $ 7.90 3, Mick Jagger, Title 610, Lacagta $ 7.90 7, John Lennon, Title 271, Qiimaha $ 7.90

Dib-u-noqoshada kala-sooc

Xulashada -r waxay ka noqotaa kala soocidda. Tusaale ahaan, isticmaalka natiijooyinka kor ku xusan:

$ sort -k4 -r test.txt

Wax-soo-saarka:

7, John Lennon, Title 271, Price $ 7.90 3, Mick Jagger, Title 610, Qiimaha $ 7.90 2, Taylor Swift, Title 723, Lacagta $ 7.90 5, Johnny Cash, Title 482, Lacagta $ 6.50 6, Elvis Presley, Title 335, Qiimaha $ 6.30 4, Lady Gaga, Title 118, Price $ 6.30 1, Justin Timberlake, Title 545, Lacagta $ 6.30 8, Michael Jackson, Title 373, Qiimaha $ 5.50

Kaydinta Faylka la kala soocay

Kala soocista faylka ma kaydineyso. Si aad u kaydiso liiska sorted ee faylka, waxaad isticmaashaa shirkadda taleefanka gacanta:

sort -k4 -r test.txt> test_new.txt

halkaas oo "test_new.txt" waa faylka cusub.

Kala soocida Saameynta Muujinta

Waxaad sidoo kale dalban kartaa amarka xajinta si loo soo saaro socodka, sida shaqaaleeyaha tuubada:

$ ls-la | sort-r -n -k5

Tani waxay soo saareysaa soo saaraha liiska faylka oo ay soo saartay amarrada ls by size size, laga bilaabo faylasha ugu weyn. Hawlwadeen-nambarku wuxuu qeexayaa kala soocista tirinta halkii alifbeeri.