Xakamaynta imtixaanka waxaa loo adeegsan karaa xariijinta qadka Linux si loo isbarbardhigo hal element oo kale, laakiin waxaa inta badan loo adeegsadaa qoraallada BASH ee ku yaala qayb ka mid ah shuruudaha shuruudaha kuwaas oo xakamaynaya caqligalka iyo socodka barnaamijka.
Tusaale Aasaas ah
Waxaad isku dayi kartaa amaradaas si fudud adoo furaya daaqadda kumbuyuutarka .
imtixaanka 1-raad 2 && echo "haa" || echo "maya"
Xeerka kor ku xusan waa la jebin karaa sida soo socota:
- imtixaanka - tani waxay ka dhigan tahay inaad sameyneyso isbarbardhig
- 1 - xubinta ugu horeysa ee aad isbarbardhigeyso
- -eq (sidee loo barbardhigayaa, xaaladdan, waxaad tijaabineysaa in hal lambar isku mid yahay)
- 2 - walaxda aad isbarbardhigayso qaybta koowaad
- && - raac warbixinta soo socota haddii natiijadu run tahay
- echo "haa" - amarka ah in la ordo haddii isbarbar dhigga runta ah
- || - sheeg qoraalka soo socda haddii natiijadu been tahay
- jawaab "maya" - amarka lagu ordi karo haddii isbarbardhig lagu soo celiyo been
Xaqiiqda, amarku waa isbarbardhigayaa 1 ilaa 2 oo waxay la mid yihiin qoraallada "haa" ee lagu dhawaaqay "haa" iyo haddii aysan ku haboonayn qoraallada "maya" ee loo yaqaan "maya" ayaa lagu fuliyay "maya".
Isbarbardhig Tirooyinka
Haddii aad isbarbardhigeysid waxyaallaha kala-soocaya tirooyinka waxaad isticmaali kartaa isbarbardhigayaasha isbarbardhigga ee soo socda:
- -eq - qiimaha 1 qiimaha siman 2
- -ge - waa qiimo 1 ama ka badan tahay qiimaha 2
- -gt - waa qiimo 1 ka weyn qiimaha 2
- -le - waa qiimo 1 ka yar ama ka siman qiimaha 2
- -lt - waa qiimo 1 ka yar qiimaha 2
- -ne - qiimee 1 ma aha qiimaha siman 2
Tusaale ahaan:
imtixaanka 1-raad 2 && echo "haa" || echo "maya"
(bandhigaa "maya" shaashadda maxaa yeelay 1 ma siman yahay 2)
imtixaanka 1-aad 2 && echo "haa" || echo "maya"
(bandhigaa "maya" shaashadda sababtoo ah 1 ma ahan mid ka weyn ama la mid ah 2)
imtixaanka 1 -gt 2 && echo "haa" || echo "maya"
(bandhigaa "maya" shaashadda sababta oo ah 1 ayaa ka weyn 2)
imtixaan 1-iyo 2 & echo "haa" || echo "maya"
(bandhigaa "haa" shaashadda sababta oo ah 1 wuxuu ka yar yahay ama le'eg yahay 2)
imtixaanka 1-aad 2 && echo "haa" || echo "maya"
(bandhigaa "haa" shaashadda sababta oo ah 1 wuxuu ka yar yahay ama le'eg yahay 2)
imtixaanka 1-aad 2 && echo "haa" || echo "maya"
(sawirrada "haa" shaashadda maxaa yeelay 1 ma siman yahay 2)
Isbarbardhig Qoraalka
Haddii aad is barbardhigeysid waxyaallaha isbarbar dhiga ah waxaad isticmaali kartaa isbarbardhigyadan soo socdaa:
- = - wuxuu leeyahay xarig 1 xarig isku dhafan 2
- ! = - waa xarig 1 ka duwan ee xarig 2
- -n - waa dhererka dhererka ka weyn 0
- -z - waa dhererka dhererka 0
Tusaale ahaan:
imtixaan "string1" = "string2" && echo "haa" || echo "maya"
(bandhigaa "maya" shaashadda sababta oo ah "string1" ma simaan "string2")
imtixaan "string1"! = "string2" && echo "haa" || echo "maya"
(sawirada "haa" shaashadda sababta oo ah "string1" ma simaan "string2")
imtixaan -n "string1" && echo "haa" || echo "maya"
(bandhigaa "haa" shaashadda sababta oo ah "string1" waxay leedahay dherer dherer ka badan eber)
imtixaan -h "string1" && echo "haa" || echo "maya"
(sawir "maya" shaashadda sababta oo ah "string1" waxay leedahay dherer dherer ka badan eber)
Isbarbardhig Diiwaanada
Haddii aad isbar bardhigeysid faylasha waxaad isticmaali kartaa isbarbardhigayaasha isbarbardhigga ee soo socda:
- -ef - Faylasha ma leeyihiin qalab isku mid ah iyo nambar (ma waxay yihiin faylka isku midka ah)
- -ntaga - Faylka koowaad ee cusub ma ka cusub yahay faylka labaad
- -ot - Miyaa faylka koowaad ee ka weyn faylka labaad?
- -b - Faylka ayaa jira oo xannibaya khaas ah
- -c - Faylka ayaa jira oo waa mid gaar ah
- -d - Faylka ayaa jira oo waa liis
- -e - Faylka ayaa jira
- -f - Faylka ayaa jira oo waa fayl joogto ah
- -g - Faylka ayaa jira oo leh lambar kooxeed
- -G - Faylka ayaa jira oo milkiilaha kooxda adeegsadaha
- -h - Faylka ayaa jira oo waa calaamad muuqaal ah
- -k - Faylka ayaa jira oo wuxu leeyahay jajabkiisa
- -L - Sidoo kale -h
- -O - Faylka ayaa jira oo aad tahay mulkiilaha
- -p - Faylka ayaa jira oo waa tuubo la magacaabay
- -r - Faylka ayaa jira oo waa la akhrisan karaa
- -s - Faylka ayaa jira oo leh cabbir ka weyn eber
- -S - Feylku wuu jiraa oo waa giraan
- -t - Tilmaame-faylka waxaa lagu furay terminal
- -u - Faylka ayaa jira oo la yiraahdo qadka-isticmaalka-isticmaalka
- -w - Faylka ayaa jira oo waa qoraa
- -x - Faylka ayaa jira oo waa la fulin karaa
Tusaale ahaan:
test / path / to / file1 -n / path / to / file2 && echo "haa"
(Haddii faylka1 uu ka cusub yahay faylka2 markaas ereyga "haa" ayaa la soo bandhigi doonaa)
test -e / path / to / file1 && echo "haa"
(haddii faylka1 uu jiro ereyga "haa" ayaa la soo bandhigi doonaa)
imtixaan -O / wad / to / file1 && echo "haa"
(haddii aad leedahay faylka1 kadibna erayga "haa" waa la soo bandhigaa ")
Terminology
- Faylka gaarka ah - Faylka waa qalab xayiraad ah taas oo macnaheedu yahay in xogta lagu akhriyo qaybaha baytarta. Kuwani waa faylasha qalabka sida sida farsamooyinka adag.
- Fariin gaar ah - Faylka ayaa isla markiiba lagu dhaqmaa marka aad u qorto oo inta badan waa qalab sida dekedda caanka ah
Isbarbar dhiga Xaaladaha Badan
Ilaa hadda wax waliba waxay isbarbardhigeen hal shay oo kale laakiin waa haddii aad rabto inaad isbarbardhigto laba xaaladood.
Tusaale ahaan, haddii xayawaanku leeyahay 4 lugood isla markaana uu tago "moo" waxaa laga yaabaa inuu yahay lo'da. Si fudud u hubi 4 lugood ma damaanad qaadin in aad haysato lo'da laakiin hubi in codka ay sameeyaan hubaal.
Si aad u tijaabiso labada shuruudood mar hore isticmaal bayaanka soo socda:
4-ba "moo" = "moo" && echo "waa sac" || echo "ma ahan lo'da"
Qaybta ugu muhiimsan ee halkan waa -a taas oo u taagan.
Waxaa jira hab fiican oo aad loo isticmaalo oo loo adeegsado imtixaan isku mid ah waana kan soo socda:
imtixaanka 4-ba 4 && test "moo" = "moo" && echo "waa sac" || echo "ma ahan lo'da"
Imtixaan kale oo aad rabto inaad samayso waa isbarbardhig laba weedhood iyo haddii midkoodna run yahay xayeysiis. Tusaale ahaan, haddii aad rabto inaad hubiso in faylka magaciisu ku qoran yahay "file1.txt" ama fayl la yiraahdo "file1.doc" ayaa jira waxaad isticmaali kartaa amarka soo socda
imtixaan -l file1.txt -o -e file1.doc && echo "file1 ayaa jira" || Fadlan "faylka1 ma jiro"
Qaybta ugu muhiimsan ee halkan waa is-dhexgalka kaas oo u taagan ama.
Waxaa jira hab fiican oo aad loo isticmaalo oo loo adeegsado imtixaan isku mid ah waana kan soo socda:
imtixaan -social1.txt || test -e file1.doc && echo "file1 ayaa jira" || Fadlan "faylka1 ma jiro"
Ka-tira Ereyga Muhiimka ah ee Imtixaanka
Uma baahnid inaad isticmaasho imtixaanka erayga si aad u sameyso isbarbardhigga. Dhammaan inaad sameyso waa inaad ku soo lifaaqtaa bayaannada kuxirsan jajabyada sida soo socota:
[-e file1.txt] && echo "file1 ayaa jira" || Fadlan "faylka1 ma jiro"
[Iyo] aasaas ahaan waxa loola jeedaa isla sidii imtixaanka.
Hadda waxaad taqaanaa inaad tani ku wanaajin karto marka la barbardhigo xaaladaha kala duwan sidan soo socota:
[4-th] 4 && ["moo" = "moo"] && echo "waa sac" || echo "ma ahan lo'da"
[-e file1.txt] || [-e file1.doc] && echo "file1 ayaa jira" || Fadlan "faylka1 ma jiro"
Soo koobid
Amarka tijaabadu wuxuu faa'iido badan u leeyahay qoraallada, sababtoo ah waad ku tijaabin kartaa qiimaha hal doorsoome oo ka dhan ah mid kale iyo socodka barnaamijka. On line line caadiga ah, waxaad u isticmaali kartaa in la tijaabiyo in faylka jira ama